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      1.  ෤�Ԥ��äǺ����ҹ  ( Supervisory techniques )
      2.  ������ӹҨ˹�ҷ�� ( Authority )
      3.  ������ŵͺ᷹ ( Motivation through rewards )                 
                                   - Extrinsic rewards
                                   - Intrinsic rewards
      4.  ����������ǹ����㹡�ú����çҹ ( Participation in Management )
      5.  ����͡Ẻ�ҹ ( Job design )
                                  - �Ѵ���������СѺ�ҹ
                                  - �Ѵ�ҹ�������СѺ��